12-10: Field Evaluation and Verification of Biological Control in OperatingPulse Electric Field Devices (PEFDs) have been used as the sole source of water treatment in evaporative cooling water systems for over 10 years often with good results. Several field evaluations will be presented that provide detailed data on microbiological control entirely by the PEFDs. This paper will present both field and laboratory test data independently obtained from operating cooling tower water systems that rely solely on PEFDs for

this paper reports on the successful combination of the latest state-of-the-art analytical procedures with advanced programming techniques and extensive laboratory testing to create a workable and powerful engineering software package for evaluating the thermal performance of large closed-circuit cooling towers

System software compares the current operating status to the optimum operating status and recommends how many fans

or condenser cell) or second stage flow (counter-flow

Reviewed May 2026

we will establish the

particularly iron or steel

improved corrosion control

microbiological activity in the water as well as other treatment chemicals

The cooling towers of EDF NPP are located in various places fed by rivers

associated with their chemical plant

corrosion rates using various inhibitors and affects of halogenated compounds

This paper discusses the main problems and risks associated with the use of reuse water in an oil refinery